Kohl, also known as “Esmid,” is a dark mineral powder used to line the eyes, primarily for cosmetic purposes, though it is occasionally used by some men. Its use is widespread in the Middle East, North Africa, the Maghreb, and South Asia. Historically, kohl served multiple purposes: it protected the eyes from the strong sunlight in desert regions, as it was particularly popular among Bedouins. It was also believed to protect the eyes from certain eye diseases, as well as from the “evil eye” or envy. Kohl was even applied to infants to strengthen their eyes and protect them. In contemporary times, it is mostly used as a cosmetic for women. The stone from which kohl is derived is naturally shiny and silvery in color, though it is ground to create a deep black shade for use. Arabic kohl is considered the best quality because it is free from lead, unlike many commercial kohl products, which can cause harm to the eyes when used over extended periods.